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C Programming

## Introduction

Operators are the foundation of any programming language. Thus the functionality of C language is incomplete without the use of operators. Operators allow us to perform different kinds of operations on operands. In C, operators in Can be categorized in following categories:

• Arithmetic Operator s (+, -, *, /, %, post-increment, pre-increment, post-decrement, pre-decrement)
• Relational Operators (==, != , >, <, >= & <=) Logical Operators (&&, || and !)
• Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, ~, >> and <<)
• Assignment Operator s (=, +=, -=, *=, etc)
• Other Operators (conditional, comma, sizeof, address, redirecton)

Arithmetic Operators: These are used to perform arithmetic/mathematical operations on operands. The binary operators falling in this category are:

• Addition: The ‘+’ operator adds two operands. For example, x+y .
• Subtraction: The ‘-‘ operator subtracts two operands. For example, x-y .
• Multiplication: The ‘*’ operator multiplies two operands. For example, x*y .
• Division: The ‘/’ operator divides the first operand by the second. For example, x/y .
• Modulus: The ‘%’ operator returns the remainder when first operand is divided by the second. For example, x%y .

// C program to demonstrate working of binary arithmetic operators
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 4, res;

//printing a and b
printf("a is %d and b is %d\n", a, b);

printf("a+b is %d\n", res);

res = a-b; //subtraction
printf("a-b is %d\n", res);

res = a*b; //multiplication
printf("a*b is %d\n", res);

res = a/b; //division
printf("a/b is %d\n", res);

res = a%b; //modulus
printf("a%%b is %d\n", res);

return 0;
}


Output:

a is 10 and b is 4
a+b is 14
a-b is 6
a*b is 40
a/b is 2
a%b is 2

The ones falling into the category of unary arithmetic operators are:

• Increment: The ‘++’ operator is used to increment the value of an integer. When placed before the variable name (also called pre-increment operator), its value is incremented instantly. For example, ++x .
And when it is placed after the variable name (also called post-increment operator), its value is preserved temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement. For example, x++ .
• Decrement: The ‘--‘ operator is used to decrement the value of an integer. When placed before the variable name (also called pre-decrement operator), its value is decremented instantly. For example, --x .
And when it is placed after the variable name (also called post-decrement operator), its value is preserved temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement. For example, x-- .

// C program to demonstrate working of Unary arithmetic operators
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 4, res;

// post-increment example:
// res is assigned 10 only, a is not updated yet
res = a++;
printf("a is %d and res is %d\n", a, res); //a becomes 11 now

// post-decrement example:
// res is assigned 11 only, a is not updated yet
res = a--;
printf("a is %d and res is %d\n", a, res);  //a becomes 10 now

// pre-increment example:
// res is assigned 11 now since a is updated here itself
res = ++a;
// a and res have same values = 11
printf("a is %d and res is %d\n", a, res);

// pre-decrement example:
// res is assigned 10 only since a is updated here itself
res = --a;
// a and res have same values = 10
printf("a is %d and res is %d\n",a,res);

return 0;
}


Output:

a is 11 and res is 10
a is 10 and res is 11
a is 11 and res is 11
a is 10 and res is 10

We will soon be discussing other categories of operators in different posts.